Bio112 ecology
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 Questions)
1. What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
a) Geothermal heat b) Sunlight c) Wind d) Chemical energy
2. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
a) Soil b) Water
c) Plants d) Air
3. What is the term for the role and position a species has in its environment?
a) Habitat b) Niche
c) Biome d) Ecosystem
4. Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?
a) Grass b) Fungi
c) Rabbit d) Hawk
5. What is the process by which water evaporates from plant leaves?
a) Transpiration b) Condensation c) Precipitation d) Infiltration
6. Which biogeochemical cycle involves the movement of nitrogen through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms?
a) Carbon cycle b) Nitrogen cycle c) Water cycle d) Phosphorus cycle
7. What is the term for the maximum population size an environment can sustain?
a) Carrying capacity
b) Limiting factor
c) Population density
d) Ecological footprint
8. Which of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor?
a) Drought b) Flood
c) Disease d) Earthquake
9. What is the term for a relationship where both species benefit?
a) Commensalism b) Parasitism c) Mutualism d) Competition
10. Which of the following is an example of a primary consumer?
a) Lion b) Grasshopper
c) Hawk d) Snake
11. What is the term for the gradual change in species composition in a given area?
a) Succession b) Evolution c) Adaptation d) Speciation
12. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and permafrost?
a) Desert b) Tundra
c) Rainforest d) Grassland
13. What is the term for the variety of life in an ecosystem?
a) Biodiversity b) Biomass c) Biogeography d) Biosphere
14. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide d) Argon
15. What is the term for the introduction of harmful substances into the environment?
a) Eutrophication
b) Pollution
c) Desertification
d) Deforestation
16. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal b) Natural gas
c) Solar energy d) Oil
17. What is the term for the loss of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere?
a) Evaporation b) Condensation c) Precipitation d) Infiltration
18. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
a) Deer b) Sea otter
c) Grass d) Earthworm
19. What is the term for the movement of individuals into a population?
a) Emigration b) Immigration c) Migration d) Dispersal
20. Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Soil erosion
c) Reduced carbon dioxide levels
d) Increased rainfall
Section b : Essay Questions
1a. Define the term "ecosystem."
1b. What are the three types of ecological pyramids?
1c. Explain the concept of ecological succession.
2a. What are the main components of the water cycle?
2b. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability.
2c. . Explain the process of primary and secondary succession with examples.
3a. Describe the impact of climate change on global ecosystems.
3b. Analyze the role of keystone species in maintaining ecological balance.
3c. Discuss the causes and consequences of deforestation.
4a. Explain how human activities have altered the nitrogen and carbon cycles.
4b. Describe the characteristics of a tropical rainforest biome.
4c. Discuss the effects of pollution on aquatic ecosystems.
5a. Label the components of a food chain in a grassland ecosystem.
5b. Draw and explain the carbon cycle.
5c. Illustrate the stages of ecological succession in a forest ecosystem.
6a. Draw a pyramid of energy and explain its significance.
6b. Label the zones of a lake ecosystem and describe the characteristics of each zone.
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